Shot types

Low Angle
A Low Angle shot is used to make the subject appear taller and more imposing. These are normally used to portray someone as powerful or authoritive.

High Angle
A High Angle shot is shot from above the subject, making them appear smaller than they are. These are used to make the subject appear vulnerable and over powered

Long Shot/ Wide Shot
This shows the subject entirely at a wide angle. Usually used for group shots or to show important elements within the Mise-en-scene

Medium Shot
A medium shot is one most commonly used, showing the subject from the waist up. It allows more detail to be shown or show who is talking within a shot

Close Up
The subject's face and maybe shoulders fill the frame allowing more detail to be shown. These are usually used to show emotion in scenes and draw attention to detail.

Extreme Close Up
This allows the camera to go more deeper in to a person and show a particular detail or highlight something in depth.

Two Shot
This is used for conversations, showing two people in a shot together.

Over-The-Shoulder
The camera literally looks over the subjects shoulder, again used in coversation shots between 2 shots.

POV (Point-Of-View)
This takes the perspective of the subject, showing what they see. These can be as a tracking shot as well when the audience is aligned with the subject.